Metal Film Resistor RN65D 1/2 Watt 22,1 k

Safety Information for Electrical Components, Especially for Tube Amplifiers

For all electrical, electromechanical, and mechanical components, the specifications and operating parameters defined by the respective type standards generally apply.
Further information, where available, can be found in the respective data sheets and product descriptions included with the product.

General Information

• NOT SUITABLE FOR CHILDREN – choking hazard due to small parts
• NOT SUITABLE FOR UNTRAINED PERSONS – danger to life due to high voltages
• The safety and processing requirements applicable to the component must be observed
• CE conformity applies only when installed professionally
• Warranty becomes void in case of improper handling
• The operator is responsible for proper installation
• Local regulations and VDE provisions must be complied with
• Never exceed the rated power
• Never exceed the rated voltages and currents

Required Expertise

• Use of measuring instruments (multimeter, oscilloscope) and evaluation of measurement results
• Safe handling of high voltages (up to 500V and more)
• Reading and understanding circuit diagrams
• Selection of appropriate tools
• Knowledge of electrical components and their characteristics
• First-aid knowledge for electrical accidents
• Knowledge of VDE regulations and safety requirements

Specific Safety Instructions by Component Groups

Amplifier Tubes

• Hazard due to high voltages
• Hazard due to very high heat generation
• Hazard due to glass breakage
• Hazard due to UV radiation in case of defective tubes

Transformers & Chokes
For qualified personnel only! Installation and removal of power transformers, chokes, output transformers, and switching power supplies may only be carried out by qualified specialists.

• Hazard due to high voltages
• Risk of electric shock
• Hazard due to heavy weight
• Risk of injury
• Fire hazard in case of overload

Capacitors

• Explosion hazard if electrolytic capacitors are connected with incorrect polarity
• Never exceed the rated operating voltage
• Hazard due to high voltages
• Risk of electric shock
• Capacitors can store voltage for hours

Resistors

• Hazard due to high heat generation
• Hazard due to high voltages
• Fire hazard in case of overload
• Hazard due to hot surfaces
• Risk of burns

Fuses

• Replace only with identical ratings
• Never bypass or "repair" a fuse
• Identify the cause of fuse failure before replacement
• Fire hazard when using incorrect fuse ratings

Relays & Switches

• Hazard due to switching sparks
• Contact damage in case of overload
• Fire hazard due to defective contacts

Potentiometers & Rotary Switches

• Hazard due to high voltages at the contacts
• Fire hazard in case of overload
• Mechanical damage may lead to short circuits

Diodes & Rectifiers

• Hazard due to high voltages
• Heat generation
• Risk of burns
• Observe correct polarity
• Malfunction in case of incorrect polarity
• Heat sinks required for power diodes

Sockets, Connectors & Cables

• Hazard due to high voltages
• Check insulation for damage
• Ensure proper strain relief
• Fire hazard due to undersized cables
• Touch protection required for high-voltage connectors

Heat Sinks & Fans

• Risk of burns due to hot surfaces
• Risk of mechanical injury from moving fans
• Electrical hazard in case of defective fan motors

Circuit Boards & Turret/Lug Terminals

• Hazard due to sharp edges
• Fire hazard during soldering
• Hazard due to solder fumes
• Adequate ventilation required
• Observe ESD protection

Housing Parts & Mounting Hardware

• Risk of injury due to sharp edges
• Electrical safety must be ensured
• Observe proper grounding
• Provide adequate ventilation openings
• Ensure protection against contact with live parts

Measuring Instruments & Indicators

• Hazard due to high voltages in analog instruments
• Fragile glass front
• Risk of injury